Delayed Big Bang for dark matter could be detected in gravitational waves

30 Nov 2024

Energy transition Dark matter may have been created after the Big Bang, something that could soon be tested by gravitational wave detectors. (Courtesy: Shutterstock/Tomertu)

New constraints on a theory that says dark matter was created just after the Big Bang – rather than at the Big Bang – have been determined by Richard Casey and Cosmin Ilie at Colgate University in the US. The duo calculated the full range of parameters in which a “Dark Big Bang” could fit into the observed history of the universe. They say that evidence of this delayed creation could be found in gravitational waves.

Dark matter is a hypothetical substance that is believed to play an important role in the structure and dynamics of the universe. It appears to account for about 27% of the mass–energy in the cosmos and is part of the Standard Model of cosmology. However, dark matter particles have never been observed directly.

 

Quantum error correction research yields unexpected quantum gravity insights

21 Nov 2024 Han Le

Quantum link: New research has revealed an unexpected connection between the physics of approximate error-correcting codes and quantum gravity. (Courtesy: Shutterstock/Evgenia Fux)

In computing, quantum mechanics is a double-edged sword. While computers that use quantum bits, or qubits, can perform certain operations much faster than their classical counterparts, these qubits only maintain their quantum nature – their superpositions and entanglement – for a limited time. Beyond this so-called coherence time, interactions with the environment, or noise, lead to loss of information and errors. Worse, because quantum states cannot be copied – a consequence of quantum mechanics known as the no-cloning theorem – or directly observed without collapsing the state, correcting these errors requires more sophisticated strategies than the simple duplications used in classical computing.

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FOCUS ON SYSTEMIC NEGOTIATIONS: "Mastering Systemic Negotiations: Unlocking the Secrets to Strategic Influence and Unmatched Success in Every Deal" Kindle Edition

by KONSTANTINOS TSIANTIS (Author)  Format: Kindle Edition

Unlock the secrets of successful negotiations in a world where every interaction counts. "Focus on Systemic Negotiations" is a transformative guide for anyone seeking to excel in negotiations, regardless of their experience level. This compelling book equips beginners with foundational skills and empowers seasoned negotiators to refine their techniques in complex multicultural environments. Are you ready to elevate your negotiation game and confidently navigate even the trickiest personalities?

 

Thorium Fuel Cycle Introduction

 

Orbital angular momentum monopoles appear in a chiral crystal

23 Oct 2024 Isabelle Dumé

Monopoles of orbital angular momentum (OAM) are a tantalizing prospect for orbitronics because OAM is uniform in all directions. This would mean that information flows could be generated in any direction. Visualizing the orbital texture is almost like capturing an image of the OAM monopoles. (Courtesy: Paul Scherrer Institute / Monika Bletry)

Magnets generally have two poles, north and south, so observing something that behaves like it has only one is extremely unusual. Physicists in Germany and Switzerland have become the latest to claim this rare accolade by making the first direct detection of structures known as orbital angular momentum monopoles. The monopoles, which the team identified in materials known as chiral crystals, had previously only been predicted in theory. The discovery could aid the development of more energy-efficient memory devices.

Traditional electronic devices use the charge of electrons to transfer energy and information. This transfer process is energy-intensive, however, so scientists are looking for alternatives. One possibility is spintronics, which uses the electron’s spin rather than its charge, but more recently another alternative has emerged that could be even more promising. Known as orbitronics, it exploits the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of electrons as they revolve around an atomic nucleus. By manipulating this OAM, it is in principle possible to generate large magnetizations with very small electric currents – a property that could be used to make energy-efficient memory devices.

 

Negative triangularity tokamaks: a power plant plasma solution from the core to the edge?

22 Oct 2024 Sponsored by Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion

Available to watch now, IOP Publishing’s journal, Plasma Science and Technologies explores the knowns and unknowns of negative triangularity and evaluate its future as a power plant solution

The webinar is directly linked with a special issue of Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion on Advances in the Physics Basis of Negative Triangularity Tokamaks; featuring contributions from all of the speakers, and many more papers from the leading groups researching this fascinating topic.

Want to learn more on this subject?

Watch now

In recent years the fusion community has begun to focus on the practical engineering of tokamak power plants. From this, it became clear that the power exhaust problem, extracting the energy produced by fusion without melting the plasma-facing components, is just as important and challenging as plasma confinement. To these ends, negative triangularity plasma shaping holds unique promise.

Conceptually, negative triangularity is simple. Take the standard positive triangularity plasma shape, ubiquitous among tokamaks, and flip it so that the triangle points inwards. By virtue of this change in shape, negative triangularity plasmas have been experimentally observed to dramatically improve energy confinement, sometimes by more than a factor of two. Simultaneously, the plasma shape is also found to robustly prevent the transition to the improved confinement regime H-mode. While this may initially seem a drawback, the confinement improvement can enable negative triangularity to still achieve similar confinement to a positive triangularity H-mode. In this way, it robustly avoids the typical difficulties of H-mode: damaging edge localized modes (ELMs) and the narrow scrape-off layer (SOL) width. This is the promise of negative triangularity, an elegant and simple path to alleviating power exhaust while preserving plasma confinement.

 

Multi-qubit entangled states boost atomic clock and sensor performance

22 Oct 2024

Coloradans Left to right are Adam Kaufman, Nelson Darkwah Oppong, Alec Cao and Theo Lukin Yelin. They are inspecting an atomic optical clock at JILA. (Courtesy: Patrick Campbell/CU Boulder)

Frequency measurements using multi-qubit entangled states have been performed by two independent groups in the US. These entangled states have correlated errors, resulting in measurement precisions better than the standard quantum limit. One team is based in Colorado and it measured the frequency of an atomic clock with greater precision than possible using conventional methods. The other group is in California and it showed how entangled states could be used in quantum sensing.

Atomic clocks are the most accurate timekeeping devices we have. They work by locking an ultraprecise, frequency comb laser to a narrow linewidth transition in an atom. The higher the transition’s frequency, the faster the clock ticks and the more precisely it can keep time. The clock with the best precision today is operated by Jun Ye’s group at JILA in Boulder, Colorado and colleagues. After running for the age of the universe, this clock would only be wrong by 0.01 s.

 

Living bioelectronics capture physiological signals and deliver targeted therapy

11 Jun 2024 Tami Freeman

The ABLE platform First author Jiuyun Shi holds a living bioelectronics device that integrates flexible electronic sensors, hydrogel and living cells to monitor and heal skin conditions. (Courtesy: Jiuyun Shi and Bozhi Tian/University of Chicago)

Electronic devices that seamlessly interface with living tissues hold potential to revolutionize disease diagnosis and treatment. But integrating electronics with the human body is a tricky task, due to mechanical incompatibilities between rigid metallic materials and soft biological tissues.

To address this challenge, Bozhi Tian and colleagues at the University of Chicago have created “living bioelectronics” designed to capture physiological signals and deliver targeted treatments. The team’s ABLE (active biointegrated living electronics) platform combines thin, flexible sensor circuitry with an ultrasoft, tissue-mimicking hydrogel made from tapioca starch and gelatin. The final ingredient is the addition of living cells into the gel, in this case Staphylococcus epidermidis, a bacterium that naturally lives on human skin and secretes compounds that regulate inflammation.

 

Four-wave mixing could boost optical communications in space

09 Nov 2024

Four-wave mixing A weak optical signal (red) from a spacecraft transmitter can be amplified noise-free when it encounters two pump waves (blue and green) in a receiver on Earth. (Courtesy: Chalmers University of Technology/Rasmus Larsson)

A new and practical approach to the low-noise amplification of weakened optical signals has been unveiled by researchers in Sweden. Drawing from the principles of four-wave mixing, Rasmus Larsson and colleagues at Chalmers University of Technology believe their approach could have promising implications for laser-based communication systems in space.

 

Optical technique measures intramolecular distances with angstrom precision

28 Oct 2024 Isabelle Dumé

Distance markers: Polyprolines are relatively stiff polypeptides that can be used as intramolecular “rulers” to demonstrate MINFLUX optical resolutions. This image shows optically measured distances in nanometres using chains of polyprolines 5 to 30 repeats long. The white ellipses at right show the measurement uncertainty in each position determination (2 sigma). (Courtesy: Steffen J. Sahl / Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany)

Physicists in Germany have used visible light to measure intramolecular distances smaller than 10 nm thanks to an advanced version of an optical fluorescence microscopy technique called MINFLUX. The technique, which has a precision of just 1 angstrom (0.1 nm), could be used to study biological processes such as interactions between proteins and other biomolecules inside cells.

 

Mysterious brown dwarf is two objects, not one

01 Nov 2024

Twirling pair Artist’s impression of Gliese 229Ba and Gliese 229Bb orbiting each other to create Gliese 229B. The brown dwarf pair orbit a cool M-dwarf star (shown in the distance) every 250 years. (Courtesy: K Miller/R Hurt/Caltech/IPAC)

Two independent studies suggest that the brown dwarf Gliese 229 B is not a single object, but rather a pair of brown dwarfs. The two teams reached this conclusion in different ways, with one using a combination of instruments at the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile, and the other taking advantage of the extreme resolution of the infrared spectra measured by the Keck Observatory in Hawaii.

 

Cosmic antimatter could be created by annihilating WIMPs

23 Oct 2024

Hints of dark matter Antinuclei detected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer could help physicists improve models of dark matter. (Courtesy: NASA)

Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) are prime candidates for dark matter – but the hypothetical particles have never been observed directly. Now, an international group of physicists has proposed a connection between WIMPs and the higher-than-expected flux of antimatter cosmic rays detected by NASA’s Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) on the International Space Station.

 

Axion clouds around neutron stars could reveal dark matter origins

04 Nov 2024

Cloudy with a chance of axions: An axion cloud around a neutron star. While some axions escape the star’s gravitational pull, many remain bound to the star. Over a long period of time, a cloud of axions forms and interacts with the neutron star's strong magnetic field. This causes some axions to convert into radiofrequency photons that telescopes on Earth could detect. (Courtesy: University of Amsterdam)

Hypothetical particles called axions could form dense clouds around neutron stars – and if they do, they will give off signals that radio telescopes can detect, say researchers in the Netherlands, the UK and the US. Since axions are a possible candidate for the mysterious substance known as dark matter, this finding could bring us closer to understanding it.

 

‘Buddy star’ could explain Betelgeuse’s varying brightness

06 Nov 2024 Isabelle Dumé

Any buddy out there? Betelgeuse's position in the constellation Orion. (Courtesy: Lucy Reading-Ikkanda/Simons Foundation)

An unseen low-mass companion star may be responsible for the recently observed “Great Dimming” of the red supergiant star Betelgeuse. According to this hypothesis, which was put forward by researchers in the US and Hungary, the star’s apparent brightness varies when an orbiting companion – dubbed α Ori B or, less formally, “Betelbuddy” – displaces light-blocking dust, thereby changing how much of Betelgeuse’s light reaches the Earth.

Shielding Your Family: Essential Precautions Against Nuclear Threats

Shielding Your Family: Essential Precautions Against Nuclear Threats 

ΟΔΗΓΟΣ ΘΩΡΑΚΙΣΗΣ ΤΗΣ ΑΣΦΑΛΕΙΑΣ ΤΗΣ ΟΙΚΟΓΕΝΕΙΑΣ ΣΑΣ ΕΝΑΝΤΙ ΠΥΡΗΝΙΚΩΝ ΑΠΕΙΛΩΝ

ΟΔΗΓΟΣ ΘΩΡΑΚΙΣΗΣ ΤΗΣ ΑΣΦΑΛΕΙΑΣ ΤΗΣ ΟΙΚΟΓΕΝΕΙΑΣ ΣΑΣ ΕΝΑΝΤΙ ΠΥΡΗΝΙΚΩΝ ΑΠΕΙΛΩΝ 

 

Nuclear Weapons: Everything You Need to Know

 

Η Συνείδηση ​​ΕΠΗΡΕΑΖΕΙ την Κβαντομηχανική; 

 

Πώς η κβαντική σήραγγα θα αλλάξει τον κόσμο για πάντα

 

Κβαντική διαπλοκή: Η πιο τρομακτική επιστήμη που εξηγείται απλά | GREEK | Superstar STEM

 

How close are we to powering the world with nuclear fusion? - George Zaidan

 

ALL OF PHYSICS explained in 14 Minutes

 

How It's Made - Uranium Part 1

 

How It's Made - Uranium Part 2

 

It's Happening - China Launches World's First Thorium Nuclear Reactor

 

URANIUM Documentary: Mining, History and Future Outlook

How Enriched URANIUM is MADE☢️ | How URANIUM is EXTRACTED FROM MINES | From Mine to Reactor

 How Enriched URANIUM is MADE

| How URANIUM is EXTRACTED FROM MINES | From Mine to Reactor

How Russians Dominate Nuclear Reactor Production? Cylindrical Forging Technology & Bending Machinery

 

Σπουδαία (και τυχαία) επιβεβαίωση: Η κβαντική διεμπλοκή καταστρέφεται στις υψηλές θερμοκρασίες 

Σχεδόν έναν αιώνα πριν, ο Φυσικός Erwin Schrödinger επέστησε την προσοχή σε μια ιδιαιτερότητα του κβαντικού κόσμου που γοητεύει και ενοχλεί τους ερευνητές έκτοτε. Όταν κβαντικά σωματίδια όπως τα άτομα αλληλεπιδρούν, αποβάλλουν τις ατομικές τους ταυτότητες υπέρ μιας συλλογικής κατάστασης που είναι μεγαλύτερη και πιο παράξενη από το άθροισμα των μερών της. Το φαινόμενο αυτό ονομάζεται κβαντική διεμπλοκή (ή εναγκαλισμός αν θέλετε).

Οι ερευνητές έχουν μια σαφή κατανόηση του τρόπου με τον οποίο λειτουργεί η διεμπλοκή σε εξιδανικευμένα συστήματα που περιέχουν λίγα μόνο σωματίδια. Αλλά ο πραγματικός κόσμος είναι πιο περίπλοκος.

TO PURCHASE THE SYSTEMIC TECHNOLOGIES ECOSYSTEMS IN BUSINESS EXCELLENCE BOOK

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NEW SMART E-BOOK ON AMAZON KINDLE PUBLISH ON 18th APRIL 2024 :SYSTEMIC TECHNOLOGIES ECOSYSTEMS IN BUSINESS EXCELLENCE Kindle Edition

 NEW SMART E-BOOK ON AMAZON KINDLE PUBLISH ON 18th APRIL 2024 

SYSTEMIC TECHNOLOGIES ECOSYSTEMS IN BUSINESS EXCELLENCE Kindle Edition

INVEST IN THE BOOK AND LEARN EVERYTHING ON THE SMART FUTURE CHALLENGING TECHNOLOGIES. DO YOUR RESEARCH ON THE MARKET AND INVEST YOUR MONEY IN THE FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES IN A SECURE AND CHALLENGING ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT. 

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AUTHOR: KONSTANTINOS P. TSIANTIS

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Quantum Barkhausen noise detected for the first time

19 Apr 2024 Isabelle Dumé

Listen up: Team member Christopher Simon holds a crystal of lithium holmium yttrium fluoride, a material that produces quantum Barkhausen noise. (Courtesy: Lance Hayashida/Caltech)

Researchers in the US and Canada have detected an effect known as quantum Barkhausen noise for the first time. The effect, which comes about thanks to the cooperative quantum tunnelling of a huge number of magnetic spins, may be the largest macroscopic quantum phenomena yet observed in the laboratory.

 

Search for tiny black holes puts tighter constraints on quantum gravity

26 Apr 2024

Tip of the iceberg: the IceCube building sits atop a cubic kilometre of ice that is used to detect neutrinos. (Courtesy: Christopher Michel/CC BY-SA 4.0)

New observations of the flavour composition of atmospheric neutrinos have revealed no conclusive evidence for the minuscule, short-lived black holes that have been predicted by some theories of quantum gravity. The study was done by researchers using the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole and the result places some of the tightest constraints ever on the nature of quantum gravity.

 

NASA demands new designs for cost-hit Mars Sample Return mission

19 Apr 2024

Rock collector: the Mars Sample Return mission aims to return samples of soil and rocks that Perseverance has gathered since 2021 at Mars’s Jezera crater (courtesy: NASA/JPL-Caltech)

NASA is seeking alternative designs for its Mars Sample Return (MSR) mission, which is meant to bring back soil and rocks gathered by the agency’s Perseverance rover. But with the MSR beset by cost hikes and delays, NASA concedes that the current design is “too expensive” and that its aim of returning material by 2040 is “unacceptably too long”.

A partnership between NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA), the MSR is designed to return samples collected by Perseverance since 2021 at the Jezera crater on Mars.

 

Looking for dark matter differently

22 Apr 2024 Isabelle Dumé

The proposed new dark matter detection method would look for frequent interactions between nuclei in a detector and low-energy dark matter that may be present in and around Earth. (Right) A conventional direct detection experiment looks for occasional recoils from dark matter scattering. Courtesy: Anirban Das, Noah Kurinsky and Rebecca Leane

Dark matter makes up about 85 percent of the universe’s total matter, and cosmologists believe it played a major role in the formation of galaxies.

 

Quantum mechanical wormholes fill gaps in black hole entropy

25 Apr 2024

Behind the veil: A black hole's event horizon contains an infinite number of microstates, but expressing these microstates in terms of a finite set of representative quantum superpositions makes it possible to quantify the entropy within. (Courtesy: Shutterstock/oorka)

A new theoretical model could solve a 50-year-old puzzle on the entropy of black holes. Developed by physicists in the US, Belgium and Argentina, the model uses the concept of quantum-mechanical wormholes to count the number of quantum microstates within a black hole.

The role of partons, gluons, protons, and neutrons in the structure of a stable nucleus and when the nucleus becomes unstable.

Pros and Cons of Quantum Chromodynamics

 Pros and Cons of Quantum Chromodynamics

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is a branch of theoretical physics that studies the strong force that binds quarks and gluons together to form subatomic particles such as protons and neutrons. This theory is a fundamental aspect of the Standard Model of particle physics and plays a crucial role in our understanding of the universe at the most minor scales. This essay will explore quantum chromodynamics' pros and cons, highlighting its strengths and limitations.

Pros of Quantum Chromodynamics:

1. Describes Strong Force: One of the critical advantages of quantum chromodynamics is its ability to accurately describe the strong force, one of nature's four fundamental forces.

PROS AND CONS OF QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS

 PROS AND CONS OF QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS

 

Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is a fundamental physics theory that describes matter's interaction with electromagnetic radiation. This theory has profoundly impacted our understanding of the physical world and has been tested and confirmed to an extraordinary degree of precision. This essay will explore the pros and cons of quantum electrodynamics, examining its successes and limitations.

Pros of Quantum Electrodynamics:

1. Explanation of Electromagnetic Phenomena: Quantum electrodynamics provides a comprehensive framework for understanding and predicting the behavior of electromagnetic phenomena at the quantum level. It successfully describes the interactions between charged particles and electromagnetic fields, such as the emission and absorption of photons.

PROS AND CONS OF CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS

 PROS AND CONS OF CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS

Classical electrodynamics is a branch of physics that studies the interactions between electric charges and currents. It is based on the principles of classical electromagnetism, as formulated by James Clerk Maxwell in the 19th century. Classical electrodynamics has been instrumental in understanding and predicting the behavior of electromagnetic fields and has laid the foundation for modern physics and technology. This essay will discuss the pros and cons of classical electrodynamics.

Pros of Classical Electrodynamics:

1. Predictive Power: One of the key strengths of classical electrodynamics is its predictive power. The equations derived from Maxwell's equations can accurately describe and predict the behavior of electromagnetic fields in a wide range of situations. This has allowed scientists and engineers to develop technologies such as electric motors, generators, antennas, and telecommunications systems.

THE EXISTENCE OF NEGATIVE MASS AND ITS CONSEQUENCES IN OUR WORLD

 THE EXISTENCE OF NEGATIVE MASS AND ITS CONSEQUENCES IN OUR WORLD

Introduction

Negative mass is a concept that has fascinated scientists and researchers for many years. While negative mass may seem counterintuitive, it has important implications for our understanding of the universe and the laws of physics. In this essay, we will explore the concept of negative mass, its potential existence, and the consequences it could have in our world.

What is Negative Mass?

In classical physics, mass is a property of matter that determines its resistance to acceleration. We are most familiar with positive mass –the mass we encounter in everyday objects such as apples, cars, and planets. Negative mass, on the other hand, is a hypothetical concept in which mass is assigned a negative value.

ΜΕΡΙΚΕΣ ΑΠΟΨΕΙΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΥΠΑΡΞΗ ΤΗΣ ΑΡΝΗΤΙΚΗΣ ΜΑΖΑΣ

 ΜΕΡΙΚΕΣ ΑΠΟΨΕΙΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΥΠΑΡΞΗ ΤΗΣ ΑΡΝΗΤΙΚΗΣ ΜΑΖΑΣ

ΓΙΑ ΝΑ ΔΙΑΒΑΣΕΤΕ Η ΝΑ ΚΑΤΕΒΑΣΕΤΕ ΤΟ ΑΡΧΕΙΟ ΜΕ ΤΙΣ ΜΕΡΙΚΕΣ ΑΠΟΨΕΙΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΥΠΑΡΞΗ ΤΗΣ ΑΡΝΗΤΙΚΗΣ ΜΑΖΑΣ ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΩ ΠΑΤΗΣΤΕ ΣΤΟΝ ΕΠΟΜΕΝΟ ΣΥΝΔΕΣΜΟ ΕΔΩ

 

Scientists observe 'negative mass'

 

The Discovery of Negative Mass

 

Nuclear Fuel Enrichment Process | Diffusion & Centrifuge

 

Enriched uranium: explained

 

What Does It Take to Enrich Uranium?

 

Iran to Develop Centrifuges for Faster Uranium Enrichment

Iran to Develop Centrifuges for Faster Uranium Enrichment.

By Reuters

9/5/2019Updated:

9/5/2019

DUBAI/WASHINGTON—Iran on Wednesday, Sept. 4, said it would take another step away from a 2015 nuclear deal by starting to develop centrifuges to speed up its uranium enrichment. Still, it also gave European powers two more months to save the multilateral pact.

Separately, the United States refused to ease its reinstated economic sanctions on Iran, imposed fresh ones designed to choke off the smuggling of Iranian oil, and rebuffed, but did not rule out, a French plan to give Tehran a $15 billion credit line.

Centrifugation Method in Enrichment of Uranium, Development of Ballistic Missiles, and Nuclear Technology

 Centrifugation Method in Enrichment of Uranium, Development of Ballistic Missiles, and Nuclear Technology

The role of the centrifugation method in the enrichment of uranium in radioactive isotopes and the development of nuclear technology and cyberspace technologies systems in controlling the above processes.

Centrifugation is critical to enriching uranium, producing radioactive isotopes, and developing nuclear technology. In uranium enrichment, centrifugation separates isotopes based on their mass differences, allowing for the concentration of the desired isotope, typically uranium-235, used in nuclear reactors and weapons.

Collapse of the Wave Function

 Collapse of the Wave Function

Why is it that more than half of the modern "interpretations of quantum mechanics deny the "collapse of the wave function."

Why are so many severe physicists and philosophers of science so unhappy with this concept, which was a fundamental part of the "orthodox" theory proposed in the late 1920s by the "founders" of quantum mechanics - Werner Heisenberg, Niels Bohr, Max Born, Paul Dirac, Wolfgang Pauli, and Pascual Jordan.

We can give the most straightforward answer in a single word - chance. Albert Einstein, the foremost scientist of all time (and ironically the discoverer of chance in quantum mechanics, which he disliked but never denied was a part of the quantum theory, as far as it could go in his time) adamantly disliked the idea of "uncertainty" or "indeterminism," the thought that some things in the universe were not caused (or only statistically caused).

The idea of the wave function in quantum mechanics and its indeterministic collapse during a measurement is undoubtedly the most controversial problem in physics today. Of the several “interpretations” of quantum mechanics, more than half deny the collapse of the wave function. Some of these deny quantum jumps and even the existence of particles!

 

A year of quantum highlights

28 Dec 2020 Margaret Harris

Courtesy: iStock/agsandrew

This pandemic-blighted year isn’t going to top anyone’s list of favourites, but looking on the bright side for a moment, 2020 has seen some remarkable advances in quantum science and technology. Here are a few of the highlights from subfields ranging from quantum fundamentals to quantum computing.

The most precise thermometer possible

How precise can a thermometer be? In January, Jukka Pekkola, Bayan Karimi and colleagues at the University of Aalto, Finland, and Lund University in Sweden found the answer by building a nanoscale device that can detect fundamental fluctuations in the electron temperature of a sample. The noise level in their thermometer is so low that they could detect the energy change due to the emission of a single microwave photon – all without disturbing the system. Being able to spot such tiny temperature changes could enable advances in fundamental physics, and this “quantum calorimeter” might also be used to make non-invasive measurements of quantum systems such as qubits in superconducting quantum computers.

Wavefunction and Shrondiger equation and its significant explanation in the real world.

 Wavefunction and Shrondiger equation and its significant explanation in the real world.

The wavefunction and Schrödinger equation are fundamental concepts in quantum mechanics that have revolutionized our understanding of the microscopic world. In this essay, we will explore the wavefunction and Schrödinger equation, their significance, and how they explain the behavior of particles in the real world.

Quantum mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic levels. It is a highly successful theory verified through numerous experiments and led to the development of technologies such as transistors, lasers, and MRI machines. At the heart of quantum mechanics is the concept of the wavefunction, which describes the probability amplitude of finding a particle at a particular location in space and time.

What do we know about dark matter and dark energy in our universe?

 What do we know about dark matter and dark energy in our universe?

TO READ OR TO DOWNLOAD THE FILE PDF OF "WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT DARK MATTER AND DARK ENERGY IN OUR UNIVERSE PLEASE HIT ON THE FOLLOWING LINK HERE

What do we know about dark matter and dark energy in our Universe?

What do we know about dark matter and dark energy in our Universe?

Dark matter and energy are our Universe's most mysterious and fascinating components. Despite their enigmatic nature, scientists have made significant progress in understanding these elusive substances and their role in the cosmos.

Let's start by discussing dark matter, a hypothetical form of matter that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it invisible and undetectable by conventional means. The existence of dark matter was first proposed by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky in the 1930s, who noticed discrepancies in the rotational speeds of galaxies that could not be explained by visible matter alone. Since then, numerous lines of evidence from various astrophysical observations have supported the existence of dark matter.

One of the most compelling evidence for dark matter is the study of galaxy clusters. By observing the gravitational effects of these massive structures on the light emitted by distant galaxies, astronomers have been able to infer the presence of vast amounts of unseen mass. The most widely accepted explanation for this additional mass is that it consists of dark matter, which interacts gravitationally with ordinary matter but does not emit any detectable radiation.

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATON AND THE NUCLEUS AND HOW STABLE IS THE NUCLEUS ACCORDING TO QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS

 THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATON AND THE NUCLEUS AND HOW STABLE IS THE NUCLEUS ACCORDING TO QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS

The structure of the atom and the nucleus is a fundamental topic in physics, specifically in quantum mechanics and quantum chromodynamics. Atoms are the building blocks of matter, composed of a nucleus at the center surrounded by electrons in orbitals. The nucleus, in turn, comprises protons and neutrons, which are further composed of quarks held together by the strong nuclear force mediated by gluons. Understanding the atom's structure and the nucleus's stability is crucial to comprehend the physical world at its most fundamental level.

The uncertainty principle and its importance in quantum mechanics and the stability of atoms in nuclear physics

 The uncertainty principle and its importance in quantum mechanics and the stability of atoms in nuclear physics

 

The uncertainty principle is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics introduced by the German physicist Werner Heisenberg in 1927. It states that there is a limit to how precisely specific physical properties, such as position and momentum, can be known simultaneously. This principle has profound implications for our understanding of the behavior of particles at the quantum level and plays a crucial role in the stability of atoms in nuclear physics.

In classical physics, it is possible to measure the position and momentum of a particle with arbitrary precision. However, in the realm of quantum mechanics, the situation is different.

The Physics of Tachyons: What Are Tachyons?

 The Physics of Tachyons: What Are Tachyons?   

ΓΙΑ ΝΑ ΔΙΑΒΑΣΕΤΕ Η ΝΑ ΚΑΤΕΒΑΣΕΤΕ ΤΟ PDF ΘΕΩΡΙΑΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΦΥΣΙΚΗ ΤΩΝ ΤΑΧΥΟΝΙΩΝ ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΩ ΠΑΤΗΣΤΕ ΣΤΟΝ ΕΠΟΜΕΝΟ ΣΥΝΔΕΣΜΟ ΕΔΩ 

The Compton Effect and Its Importance in Quantum Mechanics: Applications in Science and Modern Technology

 The Compton Effect and Its Importance in Quantum Mechanics: Applications in Science and Modern Technology

Introduction:

The Compton Effect, also known as Compton Scattering, is a fundamental phenomenon in quantum mechanics that plays a significant role in understanding the behavior of light and matter at the atomic and subatomic levels. Discovered by American physicist Arthur Compton in 1923, this effect provides valuable insights into the nature of electromagnetic radiation and its interaction with matter. This article will explore the Compton Effect in detail, discussing its fundamental principles, significance in quantum mechanics, and various applications in science and modern technology.

Principles of the Compton Effect:

The Compton Effect is a consequence of the wave-particle duality of light, which is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics. According to this principle, electromagnetic radiation, such as light, exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties. In the case of the Compton Effect, light is treated as a stream of particles called photons, each carrying a specific amount of energy and momentum.

 

Ambrogio Fasoli: The new European fusion boss wants a demonstration fusion plant

31 Jan 2024

The heat is on: Ambrogio Fasoli, head of EUROfusion, says that Europe must ramp up its efforts to demonstrate fusion energy (courtesy: SPC)

Europe’s new head of fusion wants European nations to work on a demonstration fusion reactor at the same time as building the ITER experimental fusion facility in southern France. Ambrogio Fasoli, who took over in January as head of EUROfusion, says that work on such a device will require closely collaborating with the private fusion industry. EUROfusion is a consortium of 28 fusion labs bringing together 4800 researchers from across Europe.

 

Iron atoms in Earth’s inner core are on the move

29 Nov 2023 Isabelle Dumé

A model of iron atoms on the move in Earth's inner core. The model demonstrates how iron atoms are expected to move about in the Earth’s inner core over 10 picoseconds, or 10 trillionths of a second. (Courtesy: Zhang et al.)

Iron atoms at the centre of the Earth move much faster than was previously thought, say researchers in the US and China. The findings, which are based on machine-learning-assisted simulations of conditions in the Earth’s solid inner core, could shed fresh light on the core’s seismic and geodynamic properties, which are not fully understood.