SELF-ORGANIZING NUCLEOSYNTHESIS IN SUPERDENSE PLASMA
S. V. Adamenko
Inthelastdecadesofthe20thcentury,revolutionaryprogresshasbeenmade in studying the mechanisms of self-organization of matter (see Refs. [4–9]), using fundamental knowledge in many areas of science. Principles of selforganization developed in those studies have been successfully applied to understanding and controlling many complex processes, such as chemical reactions, laser generation, etc. At the same time, the role of collective self-organization processes in physics of elementary particles, atomic nuclei, and natural nucleosynthesis still is not realized as being of key importance. The next years are to be marked by the ever-increasing interest in the processes of self-organization in the nuclear matter, and the change of focus from the problems related to analysis of its components towards those of finding the laws applying to the synthesis of its structures. In our view, this is the area to look for solutions to a number of fundamental physical problems.
It is well known that solutions to intricate problems are often based on fresh ideas and hypotheses that push the research in nontraditional areas. This monograph is the first presentation of the interrelated key experimental and theoretical results of the Luch project which has been no exception to the above. Over a long period of time (since the early 1970s), researchers who later became involved in this project are gradually creating a set of working hypotheses, as well as system-level, logical, and physical models aimed at the creation of such scenarios of nuclear transformations occurring in nature that would allow the following to be done: • to explain consistently, without adding new paradoxes while solving ones that already exist, a wider range of phenomena related to nuclear transformations observed in nature, as well as in physical experiments; • to find such realistic approaches towards the problem of controllable nucleosynthesis that would open new ways for the creation of environmentally safe technology for the deactivation of radioactivity that 19 S.V. Adamenko et al. (eds.),would be self-sufficient in energy terms, through a deep nuclear transformation of industrial radioactive waste, by producing a combination of stable isotopes of newly created chemical elements.
In our view, there are no fundamental obstacles preventing us from raising such a problem, since, first, it does not contradict the fundamental laws of the Nature, and, second, for the macroscopic quantity of a radioactivematerial,beinganygivenmixtureofisotopes(includingbothradioactive and stable nuclei), even without initiating its neutronization and protonization, there will always exist such a distribution of protons and neutrons (whose numbers are determined by the composition of the initial mixture of isotopes) among newly created stable nuclei that the weighted average binding energy per nucleon will be higher than that for the initial radioactive mixture, so that the redistribution will be accompanied by the energy release sufficient for its self-sustaining development. It seems obvious that, in order to bring, in a controlled way, a macroscopic quantity of nuclei or atoms from an initial state into a final one being expedient in energy terms, one should take into account the potential mechanisms of collective nuclear and atom transformations, while the dynamical transient processes will lead to the self-organization in complex systems of nucleons or those of nucleons and electrons. As a huge contribution to the development of the theory of selforganization in matter, there have been ideas developed by the Brussels school led by I. Prigogine (see, e.g., Refs. [4,5]). The core gist of those ideas is as follows. Nonequilibrium processes, instabilities, and fluctuations play the key role in the creation of structures in the material world, and all systems contain subsystems that keep fluctuating. Sometimes, an individual fluctuation may become so strong due to a positive feedback that the existing organization does not survive and is destroyed at a special point called the bifurcation point and reaches a higher level of the ordered organization. Prigogine has called those structures with high degree of order as “dissipative structures”.
ANAΔΗΜΟΣΙΕΥΣΗ ΑΠΟ ΤΟ ΒΙΒΛΙΟ :
"Controlled Nucleosynthesis Breakthroughs in Experiment and Theory"
Electrodynamics Laboratory “Proton-21” Kiev, Ukraine
Franco Selleri Universit`a di Bari Bari, Italy
Alwyn van der Merwe University of Denver Denver, Colorado, U.S.A.
Stanislav Adamenko
5/5/2016
S. V. Adamenko
Inthelastdecadesofthe20thcentury,revolutionaryprogresshasbeenmade in studying the mechanisms of self-organization of matter (see Refs. [4–9]), using fundamental knowledge in many areas of science. Principles of selforganization developed in those studies have been successfully applied to understanding and controlling many complex processes, such as chemical reactions, laser generation, etc. At the same time, the role of collective self-organization processes in physics of elementary particles, atomic nuclei, and natural nucleosynthesis still is not realized as being of key importance. The next years are to be marked by the ever-increasing interest in the processes of self-organization in the nuclear matter, and the change of focus from the problems related to analysis of its components towards those of finding the laws applying to the synthesis of its structures. In our view, this is the area to look for solutions to a number of fundamental physical problems.
It is well known that solutions to intricate problems are often based on fresh ideas and hypotheses that push the research in nontraditional areas. This monograph is the first presentation of the interrelated key experimental and theoretical results of the Luch project which has been no exception to the above. Over a long period of time (since the early 1970s), researchers who later became involved in this project are gradually creating a set of working hypotheses, as well as system-level, logical, and physical models aimed at the creation of such scenarios of nuclear transformations occurring in nature that would allow the following to be done: • to explain consistently, without adding new paradoxes while solving ones that already exist, a wider range of phenomena related to nuclear transformations observed in nature, as well as in physical experiments; • to find such realistic approaches towards the problem of controllable nucleosynthesis that would open new ways for the creation of environmentally safe technology for the deactivation of radioactivity that 19 S.V. Adamenko et al. (eds.),would be self-sufficient in energy terms, through a deep nuclear transformation of industrial radioactive waste, by producing a combination of stable isotopes of newly created chemical elements.
In our view, there are no fundamental obstacles preventing us from raising such a problem, since, first, it does not contradict the fundamental laws of the Nature, and, second, for the macroscopic quantity of a radioactivematerial,beinganygivenmixtureofisotopes(includingbothradioactive and stable nuclei), even without initiating its neutronization and protonization, there will always exist such a distribution of protons and neutrons (whose numbers are determined by the composition of the initial mixture of isotopes) among newly created stable nuclei that the weighted average binding energy per nucleon will be higher than that for the initial radioactive mixture, so that the redistribution will be accompanied by the energy release sufficient for its self-sustaining development. It seems obvious that, in order to bring, in a controlled way, a macroscopic quantity of nuclei or atoms from an initial state into a final one being expedient in energy terms, one should take into account the potential mechanisms of collective nuclear and atom transformations, while the dynamical transient processes will lead to the self-organization in complex systems of nucleons or those of nucleons and electrons. As a huge contribution to the development of the theory of selforganization in matter, there have been ideas developed by the Brussels school led by I. Prigogine (see, e.g., Refs. [4,5]). The core gist of those ideas is as follows. Nonequilibrium processes, instabilities, and fluctuations play the key role in the creation of structures in the material world, and all systems contain subsystems that keep fluctuating. Sometimes, an individual fluctuation may become so strong due to a positive feedback that the existing organization does not survive and is destroyed at a special point called the bifurcation point and reaches a higher level of the ordered organization. Prigogine has called those structures with high degree of order as “dissipative structures”.
ANAΔΗΜΟΣΙΕΥΣΗ ΑΠΟ ΤΟ ΒΙΒΛΙΟ :
"Controlled Nucleosynthesis Breakthroughs in Experiment and Theory"
Electrodynamics Laboratory “Proton-21” Kiev, Ukraine
Franco Selleri Universit`a di Bari Bari, Italy
Alwyn van der Merwe University of Denver Denver, Colorado, U.S.A.
Stanislav Adamenko
5/5/2016
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