"Love" Between Particles: Quantum Mechanics and Entanglement - Testing B...
Δημοσιεύτηκε στις 14 Φεβ 2016
Here's
a love story at the smallest scales imaginable: particles of light. It
is possible to have particles that are so intimately linked that a
change to one affects the other, even when they are separated at a
distance.
This idea, called "entanglement," is part of the branch
of physics called quantum mechanics, a description of the way the world
works at the level of atoms and particles that are even smaller.
Quantum mechanics says that at these very tiny scales, some properties
of particles are based entirely on probability. In other words, nothing
is certain until it happens.
Testing Bell's Theorem
Albert
Einstein did not entirely believe that the laws of quantum mechanics
described reality. He and others postulated that there must be some
hidden variables at work, which would allow quantum systems to be
predictable. In 1964, however, John Bell published the idea that any
model of physical reality with such hidden variables also must allow for
the instantaneous influence of one particle on another. While Einstein
proved that information cannot travel faster than the speed of light,
particles can still affect each other when they are far apart according
to Bell.
Scientists consider Bell's theorem an important
foundation for modern physics. While many experiments have taken place
to try to prove his theorem, no one was able to run a full, proper test
of the experiment Bell would have needed until recently. In 2015, three
separate studies were published on this topic, all consistent with the
predictions of quantum mechanics and entanglement.
"What's
exciting is that in some sense, we're doing experimental philosophy,"
said Krister Shalm, physicist with the National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST), Boulder, Colorado. Shalm is lead author on one of
the 2015 studies testing Bell's theorem. "Humans have always had
certain expectations of how the world works, and when quantum mechanics
came along, it seemed to behave differently."
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Boulder, Colorado
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26...
http://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/parti...
Decoded: How particles 'fall' in love this Valentine's
http://zeenews.india.com/news/science...
Images credit: Getty, Alamy, NASA/JPL-Caltech
Music credit: Lightning on a Blue Sky by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
Artist: http://www.twinmusicom.org/
a love story at the smallest scales imaginable: particles of light. It
is possible to have particles that are so intimately linked that a
change to one affects the other, even when they are separated at a
distance.
This idea, called "entanglement," is part of the branch
of physics called quantum mechanics, a description of the way the world
works at the level of atoms and particles that are even smaller.
Quantum mechanics says that at these very tiny scales, some properties
of particles are based entirely on probability. In other words, nothing
is certain until it happens.
Testing Bell's Theorem
Albert
Einstein did not entirely believe that the laws of quantum mechanics
described reality. He and others postulated that there must be some
hidden variables at work, which would allow quantum systems to be
predictable. In 1964, however, John Bell published the idea that any
model of physical reality with such hidden variables also must allow for
the instantaneous influence of one particle on another. While Einstein
proved that information cannot travel faster than the speed of light,
particles can still affect each other when they are far apart according
to Bell.
Scientists consider Bell's theorem an important
foundation for modern physics. While many experiments have taken place
to try to prove his theorem, no one was able to run a full, proper test
of the experiment Bell would have needed until recently. In 2015, three
separate studies were published on this topic, all consistent with the
predictions of quantum mechanics and entanglement.
"What's
exciting is that in some sense, we're doing experimental philosophy,"
said Krister Shalm, physicist with the National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST), Boulder, Colorado. Shalm is lead author on one of
the 2015 studies testing Bell's theorem. "Humans have always had
certain expectations of how the world works, and when quantum mechanics
came along, it seemed to behave differently."
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Boulder, Colorado
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26...
http://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/parti...
Decoded: How particles 'fall' in love this Valentine's
http://zeenews.india.com/news/science...
Images credit: Getty, Alamy, NASA/JPL-Caltech
Music credit: Lightning on a Blue Sky by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
Artist: http://www.twinmusicom.org/
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