The Ebola Virus - Signs, Symptoms and Transmission
Δημοσιεύτηκε στις 25 Αυγ 2014
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Ebola
virus disease (EVD) or Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) is a disease of
humans and other primates caused by an ebola virus. Symptoms start two
days to three weeks after contracting the virus, with a fever, sore
throat, muscle pain and headaches. Typically, vomiting, diarrhea and
rash follow, along with decreased functioning of the liver and kidneys.
Around this time, affected people may begin to bleed both within the
body and externally.
The virus may be acquired upon contact with
blood or bodily fluids of an infected animal. Spreading through the air
has not been documented in the natural environment. Fruit bats are
believed to carry and spread the virus without being affected. Once
human infection occurs, the disease may spread between people, as well.
Male survivors may be able to transmit the disease via semen for nearly
two months. To make the diagnosis, typically other diseases with similar
symptoms such as malaria, cholera and other viral hemorrhagic fevers
are first excluded. To confirm the diagnosis, blood samples are tested
for viral antibodies, viral RNA, or the virus itself.
Signs and symptoms:
Signs
and symptoms of Ebola usually begin suddenly with an influenza-like
stage characterized by fatigue, fever, headaches, joint, muscle and
abdominal pain. Vomiting, diarrhea and loss of appetite are also common.
Less common symptoms include the following: sore throat, chest pain,
hiccups, shortness of breath and trouble swallowing. The average time
between contracting the infection and the start of symptoms (incubation
period) is 8 to 10 days, but it can vary between 2 and 21 days. Skin
manifestations may include a maculopapular rash (in about 50% of cases).
Early symptoms of EVD may be similar to those of malaria, dengue fever
or other tropical fevers, before the disease progresses to the bleeding
phase.
In 40–50% of cases, bleeding from puncture sites and mucous
membranes (e.g. gastrointestinal tract, nose, vagina and gums) has been
reported. In the bleeding phase, which typically starts 5 to 7 days
after first symptoms internal and subcutaneous bleeding may present
itself through reddening of the eyes and bloody vomit. Bleeding into the
skin may create petechiae, purpura, ecchymoses and hematomas
(especially around needle injection sites). Types of bleeding known to
occur with Ebola virus disease include vomiting blood, coughing it up or
blood in the stool. Heavy bleeding is rare and is usually confined to
the gastrointestinal tract. In general, the development of bleeding
symptoms often indicates a worse prognosis and this blood loss can
result in death. All people infected show some symptoms of circulatory
system involvement, including impaired blood clotting. If the infected
person does not recover, death due to multiple organ dysfunction
syndrome occurs within 7 to 16 days (usually between days 8 and 9) after
first symptoms.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_vi...
Ebola
virus disease (EVD) or Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) is a disease of
humans and other primates caused by an ebola virus. Symptoms start two
days to three weeks after contracting the virus, with a fever, sore
throat, muscle pain and headaches. Typically, vomiting, diarrhea and
rash follow, along with decreased functioning of the liver and kidneys.
Around this time, affected people may begin to bleed both within the
body and externally.
The virus may be acquired upon contact with
blood or bodily fluids of an infected animal. Spreading through the air
has not been documented in the natural environment. Fruit bats are
believed to carry and spread the virus without being affected. Once
human infection occurs, the disease may spread between people, as well.
Male survivors may be able to transmit the disease via semen for nearly
two months. To make the diagnosis, typically other diseases with similar
symptoms such as malaria, cholera and other viral hemorrhagic fevers
are first excluded. To confirm the diagnosis, blood samples are tested
for viral antibodies, viral RNA, or the virus itself.
Signs and symptoms:
Signs
and symptoms of Ebola usually begin suddenly with an influenza-like
stage characterized by fatigue, fever, headaches, joint, muscle and
abdominal pain. Vomiting, diarrhea and loss of appetite are also common.
Less common symptoms include the following: sore throat, chest pain,
hiccups, shortness of breath and trouble swallowing. The average time
between contracting the infection and the start of symptoms (incubation
period) is 8 to 10 days, but it can vary between 2 and 21 days. Skin
manifestations may include a maculopapular rash (in about 50% of cases).
Early symptoms of EVD may be similar to those of malaria, dengue fever
or other tropical fevers, before the disease progresses to the bleeding
phase.
In 40–50% of cases, bleeding from puncture sites and mucous
membranes (e.g. gastrointestinal tract, nose, vagina and gums) has been
reported. In the bleeding phase, which typically starts 5 to 7 days
after first symptoms internal and subcutaneous bleeding may present
itself through reddening of the eyes and bloody vomit. Bleeding into the
skin may create petechiae, purpura, ecchymoses and hematomas
(especially around needle injection sites). Types of bleeding known to
occur with Ebola virus disease include vomiting blood, coughing it up or
blood in the stool. Heavy bleeding is rare and is usually confined to
the gastrointestinal tract. In general, the development of bleeding
symptoms often indicates a worse prognosis and this blood loss can
result in death. All people infected show some symptoms of circulatory
system involvement, including impaired blood clotting. If the infected
person does not recover, death due to multiple organ dysfunction
syndrome occurs within 7 to 16 days (usually between days 8 and 9) after
first symptoms.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_vi...
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